Climate information on spring rainfall (January to April) becomes a window period affecting food and nutrition and the health state of smallholder farmer categories.

The data indicate that climate variability affects the vulnerability of smallholder farmers differently. To acquire data, a qualitative research design employing focus group discussions and interviews with key informants was utilised. The objective of this study is to assess the susceptibility of different groups of smallholders in the moist stress zones of Boricha and Bilate Zuria Woreda, Sidama National Regional State, to food and health risks associated with climate variability. The heterogeneous qualities of smallholder farmers were likewise ignored by conventional agricultural extension services. However, climatic information has received minimal consideration from agricultural interventions in food production and health development programmes. To boost crop output and productivity, agrochemicals and agricultural equipment have proven indispensable. Smallholder agriculture has historically dominated Ethiopia's agricultural production.

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